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Total 32595 results found since Jan 2013.

Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in People Living With HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis from Real-Life Data.
CONCLUSIONS: Data obtained in this systematic review indicate that more than 1 in every five subjects with HIV had a moderate-high cardiovascular risk. In consequence, the burden of cardiovascular disease in PLWHIV represents a public health problem. There is an urgent need to develop strategies to prevent and detect cardiovascular risk assessment effectively in PLWHIV. PMID: 31830884 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - December 10, 2019 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Grand M, Bia D, Diaz A Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Mother-to-Child Transmission Outcomes of HIV-Exposed Infants Followed Up in Jos North-Central Nigeria.
CONCLUSION: In North-central Nigeria where HIV is prevalent, ART started before pregnancy is enormously effective in preventing mother-to-child transmission. Adoption of WHO 'Option B+' deserves serious consideration in such settings. PMID: 25986370 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Current HIV Research - May 22, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Sagay AS, Ebonyi AO, Meloni ST, Musa J, Oguche S, Ekwempu CC, Oyebode T, Ejeliogu E, Imade GE, Agbaji OO, Okonkwo P, Kanki PJ Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Operational Issues and Barriers to Implementation of Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV (PMTCT) Interventions in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Abstract Over the past 10 years substantial progress has been made in the implementation of prevention of mother-to child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) interventions in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In spite of this, new pediatric infections remain unacceptably high, contributing the majority (>90%) of the estimated 390,000 infections globally in 2010; and yet prolonged breastfeeding remains the norm and crucial to overall infant survival. However, there is reason for optimism given the 2010 World Health Organization PMTCT recommendations: to start HIV infected pregnant women with CD4 cell counts less than 350 cell...
Source: Current HIV Research - February 21, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Aizire J, Fowler MG, Coovadia HM Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Antiretroviral Drugs to Prevent Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV during Breastfeeding.
Abstract In low and middle-income countries (LMIC), transmission of HIV during breastfeeding represents a major public health challenge. In the absence of interventions, breast milk HIV transmission can account up to 40% or more of new pediatric HIV infections in sub Saharan Africa. Several viral, maternal clinical, immunological and genetic factors, as well as maternal-infant host factors and type of infant feeding may influence the risk of breastfeeding transmission of HIV. The mechanisms of breast milk HIV transmission are poorly understood. For mothers who are healthy and do not need combination antiretroviral...
Source: Current HIV Research - February 21, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Shetty AK, Maldonado Y Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Factors affecting acceptance of provider-initiated HIV testing and counseling services among outpatient clients in selected health facilities in Harar Town, Eastern Ethiopia
Conclusion: There is evidence of the relatively increased acceptability of PITC services by outpatient department clients. A program needs to be strengthened to enhance the use of PITC; the Ministry of Health, Regional Health Bureau, and other responsible bodies – including health facilities – should design and strengthen information education and communication/behavioral change and communication interventions and promote activities related to PITC and HIV counseling and testing in both health facilities and the community at large. Keywords: PITC, outpatient clients, Harar town, Eastern Ethiopia
Source: HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care - May 15, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care Source Type: research

Pre-exposure prophylaxis for sexually-acquired HIV risk management: a review
James Wilton,1 Heather Senn,2 Malika Sharma,3 Darrell HS Tan4,5 1Canadian AIDS Treatment Information Exchange (CATIE), 2Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, 3Wilson Centre for Research in Education, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 4Division of Infectious Diseases, St Michael's Hospital, 5Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Abstract: Despite significant efforts, the rate of new HIV infections worldwide remains unacceptably high, highlighting the need for new HIV prevention strategies. HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a new approach tha...
Source: HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care - April 28, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care Source Type: research

Transmission of Drug-resistant HIV-1 Variants among Individuals with Recent Infection in Southern Poland.
Abstract Transmitted drug resistance (TDR) is an important public health issue, because it may affect the outcome of antiretroviral treatment. The prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) with TDR mutations defined according to the list of the World Health Organization was investigated among 53 therapy-naive persons with confirmed recent HIV-1 infection diagnosed in Poland, in the years 2008-2010. Proviral DNA was amplified, sequenced, and screened for the TDR mutations in the pol gene fragments coding for the whole protease and the initial 256 residues of the reverse transcriptase. The frequency ...
Source: Current HIV Research - June 27, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Smolen-Dzirba J, Rosinska M, Kruszynski P, Bratosiewicz-Wasik J, Janiec J, Beniowski M, Bociaga-Jasik M, Jablonowska E, Szetela B, Wasik TJ Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Magnitude of opportunistic infections and associated factors in HIV-infected adults on antiretroviral therapy in eastern Ethiopia
Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of OIs observed in this study. Baselines CD4 count of <200 cells/mm3, advanced WHO clinical stages, and not using prophylaxis were found to be predictors of OIs. Interventions were aimed at promoting early HIV testing and enrollment of HIV-infected individuals into ART services needed before CD4 count decreased severely. Keywords: AIDS, CD4, prophylaxis, WHO clinical stage
Source: HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care - May 11, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care Source Type: research

WHO Records Highest-Ever Number of New HIV Cases in Its European RegionWHO Records Highest-Ever Number of New HIV Cases in Its European Region
The World Health Organization (WHO) said on Thursday that in 2014 it had recorded the highest number of new HIV cases in its European Region, which also includes Central Asia, since the start of reporting in the 1980s. Reuters Health Information
Source: Medscape Hiv-Aids Headlines - November 30, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: HIV/AIDS News Source Type: news

Africa: New WHO Guidance On HIV Viral Suppression and Scientific Updates Released At IAS 2023
[WHO] The World Health Organization (WHO) is releasing new scientific and normative guidance on HIV at the 12th International IAS (the International AIDS Society) Conference on HIV Science.
Source: AllAfrica News: HIV-Aids and STDs - August 1, 2023 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Africa HIV-Aids and STDs External Relations Health and Medicine International Organizations and Africa Source Type: news

The Impact of the 2013 WHO Antiretroviral Therapy Guidelines on the Feasibility of HIV Population Prevention Trials
Background: Several cluster-randomized HIV prevention trials aim to demonstrate the population-level preventive impact of antiretroviral therapy (ART). 2013 World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines raising the ART initiation threshold to CD4
Source: HIV Clinical Trials - October 27, 2014 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: HIV Clinical Trials Source Type: research

Improving the clinic-laboratory-interface in the context of HIV diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring
Purpose of review: Laboratory support is central to clinical medicine. The present review focuses on the health systems strengthening needs of the clinic-laboratory-interface (CLI) in developing countries within the context of HIV diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. Recent findings: Although significant improvements have been made in reducing error rates in the analytical phase of pathology services within laboratories, there remain substantial deficits in both the preanalytic and postanalytic phases of the entire value chain that require strengthening. Recent interventions have largely aimed at improving the CLI focus ...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - February 1, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: HIV AND DIAGNOSTICS: Edited by Wendy Stevens Source Type: research

Yellow fever vaccine for patients with HIV infection.
CONCLUSIONS: YF vaccination can produce protective levels of neutralising antibodies in HIV patients. Immunogenicity of YF vaccine is slightly less in HIV-infected patients compared to HIV-uninfected patients. No serious adverse events related to YF vaccine were observed in HIV-infected study participants. At time of immunisation, higher CD4 cell counts and lower HIV RNA levels in patients with HIV infection seem to be key determinants for development of protective titres of neutralising antibodies. The quality of the evidence for all outcomes was low to very low. YF vaccine may potentially be used safely in HIV-infected p...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - January 23, 2014 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Barte H, Horvath TH, Rutherford GW Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Medical and surgical abortion for women living with HIV.
CONCLUSIONS: Due to the paucity of studies, we were unable to determine if outcome differences exist between women living with HIV and women without HIV who undergo medical or surgical abortion. We found no evidence suggesting that medical or surgical abortions are unsafe for women living with HIV. While additional research would strengthen the evidence base, healthcare providers should not be deterred from providing access to safe abortion to their patients living with HIV. PMID: 30566226 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - December 19, 2018 Category: General Medicine Authors: Saleem HT, Narasimhan M, Ganatra B, Kennedy CE Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research